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考试批次全部批次2026 年 5 月2025 年 11 月2025 年 5 月2024 年 11 月2022 年 11 月2021 年 11 月2020 年 11 月2019 年 11 月2018 年 11 月2017 年 11 月2016 年 11 月2015 年 11 月2014 年 11 月2013 年 11 月分类全部分类软件架构英文阅读搜索

2026 年 5 月 - 71 题 软件架构英文阅读

Layered architecture is a common software architectural style. It organizes a system as a set of layers in a （） structure. Each layer has a well-defined responsibility, and the task of each layer is relatively （） from the others. In a typical application, the presentation layer is responsible for （） information to users, while the business logic layer implements business rules and the data access layer retrieves and stores data. In a high-traffic system, a load balancer can prevent any single server from becoming （）. With proper layering, scaling, and fault-tolerance measures, the system can remain （） under heavy traffic.

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2025 年 11 月 - 1 题 软件架构英文阅读

Multi-agent systems can operate under various （）. In centralized networks, a central unit contains the global knowledge base, connects the agents and oversees their information. A strength of this structure is the ease of communication between agents and （） knowledge. A weakness of the centrality is the dependence on the central unit; if it fails, the（） system of agents fails. Decentralized networks Agents in decentralized networks（） information with their neighboring agents instead of a global knowledge base. Some benefits of decentralized networks are robustness and modularity. The failure of one agent does not cause the overall system to fail since there is no central unit. One challenge of decentralized agents is（）their behavior to benefit other cooperating agents.

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2025 年 5 月 - 29 题 软件架构英文阅读

System quality attributes have been of interest to the software community since at least the 1970s. Various published taxonomies and definitions exist, and many have their own research and practitioner communities. From the perspective of a system（）, there are three common problems with previous discussions of system quality attributes: The definitions provided for each attribute are not operational. For example, it is （） to claim that a system is modifiable unless it is clearly stated with respect to which changes it is modifiable and which changes it is not. Other quality attributes face similar issues. Discussions often focus on which quality attribute a particular issue belongs to. For example, is a system failure an availability issue, a security issue, or a usability issue? All three attribute communities may claim ownership of such a failure. Each attribute community has developed its own terminology. The（）community speaks of "events" arriving at the system, the security community describes "attacks", the availability community discusses "failures", and the usability community refers to "user input". These may all describe the same phenomenon but use different terms. A solution to the first two problems—non-operational definitions and overlapping concerns—is to use quality attribute（）to characterize quality attributes in a more structured way. To solve the third problem, a brief discussion of each attribute focusing on its underlying concerns and community（）can be helpful.

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2024 年 11 月 - 2 题 软件架构英文阅读

Blackboard architecture, also known as the blackboard system, is a problem - solving approach that utilizes a modular and （）framework. It effectively solves complex problems that （）a well - defined algorithm or a pre - determined architecture. Blackboard architecture is inspired by human experts collaborating and solving difficult problems by （）and contributing their expertise. The architecture is based on how people work together around a （）each person would sit around the board and a problem would be written on it. When a person can solve the problem, they would go to the board and add the （）solution they know how to do.

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2022 年 11 月 - 62 题 软件架构英文阅读

Micro-service is a software development technology, which advocates dividing a single application into a group of small services, which coordinates and cooperates with each other to provide ultimate value for users.The micro-service （） has many important benefits.First,it solves the problem of business complexity. It decomposes the original huge single application into a group of services. Although the total amount of functions remains the same, the application has been decomposed into manageable services.The development speed of a single service is much faster, and it is easier to understand and （）. Second, this architecture allows each service to be （） independently by a team. Developers are free to choose any appropriate technology. Third, the micro-service architecture mode enables each service to be （） independently. Developers never need to coordinate the deployment of local changes to their services. These types of changes can be deployed immediately after testing. Finally, the micro-service architecture enables each service to （） independently.

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2021 年 11 月 - 51 题 软件架构英文阅读

The prevailing distributed computing model of the current era is called client/server computing. A （） is a solution in which the presentation,presentation logic,application logic,data manipulation and data layers are distributed between client PCs and one or more servers. A （） is a personal computer that does not have to be very powerful in terms of processor speed and memory because it only presents the interface to the user. A （） is a personal computer,notebook computer,or workstation that is typically more powerful in terms of processor speed,memory,and storage capacity. A （） hosts one or more shared database but also executes all database commands and services for information systems. A （n）（） hosts Internet or intranet Web sites,it communicates with clients by returning to them documents and data.

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2020 年 11 月 - 36 题 软件架构英文阅读

The purpose of systems design is to specify a(n)（）, which defines the technologies to be used to build the proposed information systems. This task is accomplished by analyzing the data models and process models that were initially created during（）. The（）is used to establish physical processes and data stores across a network. To complete this activity, the analyst may involve a number of system designers and（）, which may be involved in this activity to help address business data, process, and location issues. The key inputs to this task are the facts, recommendations, and opinions that are solicited from various sources and the approved（）from the decision analysis phase.

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2019 年 11 月 - 40 题 软件架构英文阅读

During the systems analysis phase, you must decide how data will be organized, stored, and managed. A（）is a framework for organizing, storing, and managing data. Each file or table contains data about people, places, things, or events. One of the potential problems existing in a file processing environment is（）, which means that data common to two or more information systems is stored in several places. In a DBMS，the linked tables form a unified data structure that greatly improves data quality and access. A(n)（）is a model that shows the logical relationships and interaction among system entities . It provides an overall view of the system and a blueprint for creating the physical data structures.（）is the process of creating table designs by assigning specific fields or attributes to each table in the database. A table design specifies the fields and identifies the primary key in a particular table or file. The three normal forms constitute a progression in which（）represents the best design. Most business-related databases must be designed in that form.

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2018 年 11 月 - 44 题 软件架构英文阅读

Designing the data storage architecture is an important activity in system design. There are two main types of data storage formats: files and databases. Files are electronic of data that have been optimized to perform a particular transaction. There are several types of files that differ in the way they are used to support an application.（） store core information that is important to the business and , more specifically , to the application , such as order information or customer mailing information . （） contain static values , such as a list of valid codes or the names of cities . Typically, the list is used for validation. A database is a collection of groupings of information that are related to each other in some way. There are many different types of databases that exist on the market today.（） is given to those databases which are based on older , sometimes outdated technology that is seldom used to develop new applications . （） are collections of records that are related to each other through pointers. In relational database , （） can be used in ensuring that values linking the tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized.

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2017 年 11 月 - 44 题 软件架构英文阅读

The architecture design specifies the overall architecture and the placement of software and hardware that will be used. Architecture design is a very complex process that is often left to experienced architecture designers and consultants. The first step is to refine the （） into more detailed requirements that are then employed to help select the architecture to be used and the software components to be placed on each device. In a （）, one also has to decide whether to use a two-tier, three-tier, or n-tier architecture. Then the requirements and the architecture design are used to develop the hardware and software specification. There are four primary types of nonfunctional requirements that can be important in designing the architecture. （） specify the operating environment（s） in which the system must perform and how those may change over time. （） focus on the nonfunctional requirements issues such as response time, capacity, and reliability. （） are the abilities to protect the information system from disruption and data loss, whether caused by an intentional act. Cultural and political requirements are specific to the countries in which the system will be used.

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2016 年 11 月 - 48 题 软件架构英文阅读

The objective of（）is to determine what parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware. The major software components of the system being developed have to be identified and then allocated to the various hardware components on which the system will operate. All software systems can be divided into four basic functions. The first is（）.Most information systems require data to be stored and retrieved, whether a small file,such as a memo produced by a word processor, or a large database, such as one that stores an organization's accounting records.The second function is the（）,the processing required to access data, which often means database queries in Structured Query Language. The third function is the （）,which is the logic documented in the DFDs, use cases,and functional requirements.The fourth function is the presentation logic,the display of information to the user and the acceptance of the user's commands.The three primary hardware components of a system are （）.

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2015 年 11 月 - 48 题 软件架构英文阅读

The objective of （）is to determine what parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware.The major software components of the system being developed have to be identified and then allocated to the various hardware components on which the system will operate. All software systems can be divided into four basic functions. The first is（）. Most information systems require data to be stored and retrieved,whether a small file,such as a memo produced by a word processor,or a large database,such as one that stores an organization's accounting records. The second function is the （）,the processing required to access data,which often means database queries in Structured Query Language. The third function is the （）,which is the logic documented in the DFDs,use cases,and functional requirements.The fourth function is the presentation logic,the display of information to the user and the acceptance of the user's commands.The three primary hardware components of a system are （）.

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2014 年 11 月 - 46 题 软件架构英文阅读

Software architecture reconstruction is an interpretive, interactive, and iterative process including many activities. （）involves analyzing a system's existing design and implementation artifacts to construct a model of it. The result is used in the following activities to construct a view of the system. The database construction activity converts the （） contained in the view into a standard format for storage in a database. The （）activity involves defining and manipulating the information stored in database to reconcile, augment, and establish connections between the elements. Reconstruction consists of two primary activities: （） and （）. The former provides a mechanism for the user to manipulate architectural elements, and the latter provides facilities for architecture reconstruction.

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2013 年 11 月 - 42 题 软件架构英文阅读

A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of（）onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the（）onto the hardware architecture. and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware. software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1）（）embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2）（）embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3）（）embody decisions as to how the system will relate to non software structures in its environment(such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).

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